Racial Equity
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity

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Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23

What does this measure?

Median household income, inflated to 2023 dollars, broken down by race/ethnicity. Half of incomes are below the median and half are above.

Why is this important?

Median household income is a gauge of overall economic health of the region and the financial resources of households. Examining income for different racial and ethnic groups is important as a measure of inequity.

How does our county compare?

In 2019-23, median incomes in Lancaster County were highest among White and Asian residents, at $87,500 and $86,700, respectively, and lowest among Hispanic and African American residents, at $63,200 and $54,900, respectively. The income disparity between White/Asian and African American/Hispanic earners was similar to the pattern of overall Pennsylvania and national disparities. While Lancaster County median incomes were slightly above Pennsylvania median incomes for African Americans, Hispanics and Whites, it was below the statewide median income for Asians.

Median incomes were lower for all groups in the City of Lancaster: $39,800 for Asians, $52,400 for African Americans, $53,700 for Hispanics and $71,500 for Whites.

All racial groups in Lancaster County saw median incomes increase between 2009-13 and 2019-23.

Why do these disparities exist?

These large and persistent disparities in income are the result of historic and current policies and practices that disadvantaged people of color. Research has connected slavery and the inability of black Americans even after emancipation to fully participate in economic life to the wealth and income gaps still present today. Structural racism perpetuated by policies and practices that systematically disadvantage African American and Latino communities include inequitable education, low wages, job and wage discrimination, lack of access to capital, and globalization. Even when a recovery from the current economic crisis occurs, it is not expected to make up for the pre-existing racial disparities experienced over time unless policies are enacted to address these gaps.

Notes about the data

Figures are in constant 2023 dollars. The multi-year figures are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. The bureau combined five years of responses to the survey to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. However, because the information came from a survey, the samples responding to the survey were not always large enough to produce reliable results, especially in small geographic areas. CGR has noted on data tables the estimates with relatively large margins of error. Estimates with three asterisks have the largest margins, plus or minus 50% or more of the estimate. Two asterisks mean plus or minus 35%-50%, and one asterisk means plus or minus 20%-35%. For all estimates, the confidence level is 90%, meaning there is 90% probability the true value (if the whole population were surveyed) would be within the margin of error (or confidence interval). The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census. Data for this indicator are expected to be released in the fourth quarter.

Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23
AsianBlack or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoWhite
Pennsylvania$99,204$48,025$58,929$81,199
Lancaster County$86,748$54,858$63,204$87,509
Lancaster City$39,790**$52,435*$53,665$71,496
Lancaster County School Districts
School District of Lancaster$71,484***$54,368$57,925$76,246
Cocalico School District$89,271***N/A***$150,000*$91,908
Columbia Borough School DistrictN/A***$29,224***$36,825*$57,261
Conestoga Valley School District$67,946***$42,484$79,549$89,367
Donegal School DistrictN/A***$42,574***N/A***$92,359
Eastern Lancaster County School DistrictN/A***$61,961**$60,313***$86,731
Elizabethtown Area School DistrictN/A***N/A***$67,708**$79,100
Ephrata Area School District$78,485*$26,231***$57,629***$74,672
Hempfield School District$114,241*$78,403**$68,684**$96,225
Lampeter-Strasburg School District$65,954*$210,421**$82,287$105,228
Manheim Central School DistrictN/A***N/A***$71,750$82,480
Manheim Township School District$104,198**$66,662**$82,563*$95,943
Penn Manor School District$110,234***$89,597$63,821*$89,546
Pequea Valley School DistrictN/A***$74,265***$58,750***$90,086
Solanco School DistrictN/A***$52,969**$89,563**$74,025
Warwick School DistrictN/A***$103,145***$79,205*$90,351
Lancaster County Boroughs
Adamstown boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$102,375
Akron boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,714
Christiana boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,729
Columbia boroughN/A***$29,224***$36,825*$57,261
Denver townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$88,017*
East Petersburg boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$87,330
Elizabethtown boroughN/A***N/A***$28,562$68,428
Ephrata boroughN/A***N/A***$58,000***$68,213
Lititz boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$79,911
Manheim boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$82,422
Marietta boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$65,882*
Millersville boroughN/A***N/A***$57,500***$66,173
Mount Joy boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$85,497
Mountville boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$93,403*
New Holland boroughN/A***N/A***$60,903***$54,537*
Quarryville boroughN/A***$54,219**$73,350$79,152
Strasburg boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$89,298
Terre Hill boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$59,479**
Lancaster County Townships
Bart townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$76,960
Brecknock townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$95,410
Caernarvon townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$113,507
Clay townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$82,867
Colerain townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,625
Conestoga townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$93,750*
Conoy townshipN/A***N/A***$74,628**$83,045*
Drumore townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$64,779*
Earl townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,234
East Cocalico townshipN/A***N/A***$154,167***$89,659
East Donegal townshipN/A***$57,667***N/A***$108,750
East Drumore townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$65,924
East Earl townshipN/A***$60,366***N/A***$103,769
East Hempfield township$106,875**$80,375**$70,425*$100,683
East Lampeter township$123,015***$45,948**$81,336$82,360
Eden townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$90,938*
Elizabeth townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$104,099*
Ephrata townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$77,692*
Fulton townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$77,266
Lancaster township$166,862$54,783***$88,462*$95,857
Leacock townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$83,684
Little Britain townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,341**
Manheim township$104,198**$66,662**$82,563*$95,943
Manor township$111,563***$87,939*$64,835**$89,966
Martic townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$90,229
Mount Joy townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$96,654
Paradise townshipN/A***N/A***$61,442***$94,342
Penn townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$81,091
Pequea townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$111,579*
Providence townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$66,452
Rapho townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$84,932
Sadsbury townshipN/A***N/A***$91,172**$84,118
Salisbury townshipN/A***N/A***$49,250***$92,807
Strasburg townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$110,909***
Upper Leacock townshipN/A***$42,048$33,750***$95,363
Warwick townshipN/A***N/A***$56,574***$99,256
West Cocalico townshipN/A***N/A***$146,923***$91,822
West Donegal townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,640*
West Earl township$105,093***N/A***$118,846*$95,480
West Hempfield township$113,482*N/A***N/A***$98,318
West Lampeter township$65,954*$210,421**$82,287$106,085
Berks County$74,643**$66,081$54,832$84,831
Chester County$166,594$62,722$91,486$127,946
Cumberland County$115,058$52,066*$72,116$86,498
Dauphin County$102,019$51,077$54,717$81,291
Lebanon County$83,125$60,403*$57,739*$79,058
York County$100,357*$54,593$58,791$84,447

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Figures in 2023 dollars. Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African-American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic). So the totals for these categories cannot be added together, as people show up in both a racial and ethnic group.








INDICATORS
Prekindergarten Participation
Student Performance on Grade 3 English
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math
High School Cohort Graduation Rate
Per-Student Spending
Students Receiving Special Education Services
Rate of Foster Care Admissions
Disengaged Youth
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity
Plans of High School Graduates
Enrollment in Local Colleges
College Graduation Rates
Brain Drain/Gain
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Average Charitable Giving
Voter Registration Rate
Voter Participation Rate
Age of Housing Stock
Violent Crime Rate
Incarceration Rate
Incarceration Rate by Race/Ethnicity
Population Density
Air Quality
Water Use
Waterways Impaired by Pollution
Change in Population
Change in Population by Age and Gender
Population by Age
Population by Race/Ethnicity
People with Disabilities
Foreign-Born Population
Language Diversity
Change in Total Jobs
Change in Employment by Sector
Sector Share of Total Jobs
Workers by Occupation
Change in Labor Force
People Entering/Leaving County/Region for Work
Average Salary by Sector
Change in Average Salary Since 2000
Female to Male Earnings Ratio
Employer Size
Change in Number of Businesses by Sector
Change in Total Agricultural Sales
Spending for Local Government
Spending for School Districts
Children Living in Poverty
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity
People Living in Poverty
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity
Veterans Living in Poverty
Working Poor
Median Household Income by Household Type
Median Household Income
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity
Living Wage
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity
Household Receiving Temporary Assistance
Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch
Median Home Value
Occupied Housing Units
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity
Median Rent
Cost of Renting
Households Without Vehicles
Means of Transportation to Work, by Race/Ethnicity
People Without Health Insurance
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity
Health Status
Prevalence of Mental Illness
Adults Who are Overweight or Obese
Mortality Rates
Mortality Rate, by Race/Ethnicity
Fatal Drug Overdoses
Cancer Incidence
Households With Internet Access
High-Tech Jobs
STEM Graduates
Science and Engineering Research and Development
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Incarceration Rate by Race/Ethnicity
Population by Race/Ethnicity
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity


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