Financial Security
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity

Decreasing


Children Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23

What does this measure?

The number of children under 18 living below the federally defined poverty line, expressed as a percentage of all children under 18 and reported by various racial and ethnic groups. Poverty thresholds vary by family composition and year. In 2023, the threshold for a four-person family with two children was $30,900.

Why is this important?

Children raised in impoverished environments are at higher risk for a wide variety of health and social problems, including poor performance in school. The challenges they face in childhood can diminish their chances for successful adult lives, Studies have found that the stress of living in poverty can cause biological changes in children that can lead to long-term health problems. Throughout the nation, racial disparities across many indicators of well-being (including poverty rates) are persistent, troubling and in need of attention.

How does our county compare?

Lancaster County's child poverty rate for Hispanic children was 3 percentage points lower than Pennsylvania and 5 percentage points higher than the national rate. All neighboring counties had racial and ethnic disparities in 2019-23. The City of Lancaster had the highest child poverty rate among Hispanic children at 35%.

Why do these disparities exist?

Large and persistent disparities in poverty rates are the result of historic and current policies and practices that disadvantaged people of color. Research has connected slavery and the inability of black Americans even after emancipation to fully participate in economic life to the wealth and income gaps still present today. Poverty crosses generations, resulting in high rates of child poverty. Factors include: living in a single-parent household, especially if the single parent is female; having parent(s) who are unemployed, employed and/or underemployed in low-wage jobs or incarcerated; and living in communities that have experienced disinvestment and have ineffective and/or under-resourced schools.

Notes about the data

Child populations for most local areas, when broken down by race and ethnicity, were too small to yield reliable survey results. Poverty status is not reported for people in institutions, including college dormitories and military barracks, and people in living situations without conventional housing. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic). So the totals for these categories cannot be added together, as people may show up in both a racial and ethnic group.

Children Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23
AsianBlack or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoWhite
Pennsylvania12%33%30%11%
Lancaster County8%***25%*27%9%
Lancaster City53%***26%**35%18%**
Lancaster County School Districts
School District of Lancaster47%***27%**33%15%**
Cocalico School District0%***62%***37%***13%*
Columbia Borough School DistrictN/A***45%***75%***10%***
Conestoga Valley School District0%***43%***15%***7%**
Donegal School District0%***0%***36%***4%***
Eastern Lancaster County School District0%***0%***16%***9%*
Elizabethtown Area School District0%***0%***1%***6%***
Ephrata Area School District0%***0%***6%***11%*
Hempfield School District5%***1%***34%***3%***
Lampeter-Strasburg School District0%***0%***8%***6%***
Manheim Central School District0%***0%***0%***10%**
Manheim Township School District0%***9%***30%***6%***
Penn Manor School District7%***0%***13%***13%**
Pequea Valley School DistrictN/A***0%***26%***6%**
Solanco School District20%***43%***4%***13%*
Warwick School District0%***0%***39%***4%***
Lancaster County Boroughs
Adamstown boroughN/A***0%***36%***16%***
Akron borough0%***0%***31%***6%***
Christiana boroughN/A***82%***0%***18%***
Columbia boroughN/A***45%***75%***10%***
Denver township0%***N/A***49%***12%***
East Petersburg boroughN/A***N/A***0%***6%***
Elizabethtown borough0%***N/A***4%***14%***
Ephrata boroughN/A***0%***3%***8%***
Lititz borough0%***0%***0%***0%***
Manheim boroughN/A***N/A***0%***26%***
Marietta boroughN/A***N/A***67%***15%***
Millersville borough0%***N/A***28%***17%***
Mount Joy boroughN/A***N/A***56%***6%***
Mountville boroughN/A***3%***0%***2%***
New Holland borough0%***0%***18%***20%***
Quarryville borough0%***64%***24%***36%***
Strasburg boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***0%***
Terre Hill boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***12%***
Lancaster County Townships
Bart township100%***N/A***N/A***12%**
Brecknock townshipN/A***0%***N/A***2%***
Caernarvon township0%***N/A***N/A***10%***
Clay townshipN/A***N/A***0%***4%***
Colerain townshipN/A***0%***N/A***26%**
Conestoga township59%***0%***N/A***2%***
Conoy townshipN/A***N/A***0%***2%***
Drumore townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***5%***
Earl townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***12%***
East Cocalico township0%***65%***0%***7%***
East Donegal township0%***0%***13%***2%***
East Drumore township0%***N/A***0%***6%***
East Earl townshipN/A***N/A***0%***7%***
East Hempfield township0%***0%***52%***3%***
East Lampeter townshipN/A***42%***12%***9%***
Eden township0%***N/A***N/A***3%***
Elizabeth townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***4%***
Ephrata township0%***N/A***0%***23%**
Fulton townshipN/A***0%***0%***9%***
Lancaster township33%***31%***22%***8%***
Leacock townshipN/A***0%***0%***8%***
Little Britain townshipN/A***N/A***0%***5%***
Manheim township0%***9%***30%***6%***
Manor township0%***0%***12%***17%***
Martic townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***13%***
Mount Joy township0%***0%***0%***1%***
Paradise townshipN/A***N/A***37%***6%***
Penn townshipN/A***0%***0%***7%***
Pequea township100%***0%***0%***2%***
Providence townshipN/A***100%***0%***14%***
Rapho township0%***0%***0%***4%***
Sadsbury townshipN/A***N/A***16%***17%**
Salisbury townshipN/A***N/A***0%***5%***
Strasburg townshipN/A***N/A***29%***16%***
Upper Leacock township0%***62%***25%***9%***
Warwick township0%***0%***49%***6%***
West Cocalico township0%***N/A***0%***19%**
West Donegal townshipN/A***0%***0%***2%***
West Earl township0%***N/A***7%***3%***
West Hempfield township36%***0%***34%***3%***
West Lampeter township0%***0%***0%***2%***
Berks County24%***23%*30%11%
Chester County2%***32%*20%5%
Cumberland County9%***42%*30%*6%
Dauphin County10%**32%27%11%
Lebanon County1%***15%***33%9%
York County11%***24%*24%8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African-American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic). So the totals for these categories cannot be added together, as people show up in both a racial and ethnic group.




Number of Children Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23
AsianBlack or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoWhite
Pennsylvania11,916112,751108,357185,881
Lancaster County222***1,472*5,6528,373
Lancaster City113***520**2,810599**
Lancaster County School Districts
School District of Lancaster146***790**3,089744**
Cocalico School District0***76***128***773*
Columbia Borough School District0***86***282***89***
Conestoga Valley School District0***430***269***524**
Donegal School District0***0***356***157***
Eastern Lancaster County School District0***0***28***716*
Elizabethtown Area School District0***0***7***307***
Ephrata Area School District0***0***48***707*
Hempfield School District18***2***342***263***
Lampeter-Strasburg School District0***0***48***296***
Manheim Central School District0***0***0***499**
Manheim Township School District0***24***469***397***
Penn Manor School District30***0***183***945**
Pequea Valley School District0***0***105***405**
Solanco School District28***41***29***1,085*
Warwick School District0***0***258***246***
Lancaster County Boroughs
Adamstown borough0***0***42***113***
Akron borough0***0***40***36***
Christiana borough0***23***0***28***
Columbia borough0***86***282***89***
Denver township0***0***86***95***
East Petersburg borough0***0***0***35***
Elizabethtown borough0***0***7***240***
Ephrata borough0***0***8***222***
Lititz borough0***0***0***0***
Manheim borough0***0***0***302***
Marietta borough0***0***18***57***
Millersville borough0***0***49***165***
Mount Joy borough0***0***284***76***
Mountville borough0***2***0***11***
New Holland borough0***0***28***203***
Quarryville borough0***16***29***164***
Strasburg borough0***0***0***0***
Terre Hill borough0***0***0***36***
Lancaster County Townships
Bart township28***0***0***146**
Brecknock township0***0***0***40***
Caernarvon township0***0***0***120***
Clay township0***0***0***62***
Colerain township0***0***0***337**
Conestoga township16***0***0***9***
Conoy township0***0***0***11***
Drumore township0***0***0***29***
Earl township0***0***0***223***
East Cocalico township0***76***0***150***
East Donegal township0***0***54***24***
East Drumore township0***0***0***49***
East Earl township0***0***0***94***
East Hempfield township0***0***234***109***
East Lampeter township0***376***117***288***
Eden township0***0***0***28***
Elizabeth township0***0***0***34***
Ephrata township0***0***0***387**
Fulton township0***0***0***71***
Lancaster township33***270***279***145***
Leacock township0***0***0***129***
Little Britain township0***0***0***43***
Manheim township0***24***469***397***
Manor township0***0***134***566***
Martic township0***0***0***186***
Mount Joy township0***0***0***27***
Paradise township0***0***105***101***
Penn township0***0***0***127***
Pequea township14***0***0***19***
Providence township0***25***0***218***
Rapho township0***0***0***70***
Sadsbury township0***0***11***192**
Salisbury township0***0***0***175***
Strasburg township0***0***48***245***
Upper Leacock township0***54***133***169***
Warwick township0***0***258***212***
West Cocalico township0***0***0***415**
West Donegal township0***0***0***29***
West Earl township0***0***19***67***
West Hempfield township18***0***108***108***
West Lampeter township0***0***0***51***
Berks County283***1,101*10,5946,337
Chester County211***1,843*3,0154,286
Cumberland County293***1,354*1,252*2,374
Dauphin County452**4,6213,2523,495
Lebanon County6***92***2,4982,115
York County146***1,740*3,5306,089

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African-American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic). So the totals for these categories cannot be added together, as people show up in both a racial and ethnic group.




INDICATORS TREND
Prekindergarten Participation Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 3 English Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math Not Applicable
High School Cohort Graduation Rate Not Applicable
Per-Student Spending Not Applicable
Students Receiving Special Education Services Not Applicable
Rate of Foster Care Admissions Not Applicable
Disengaged Youth Not Applicable
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Plans of High School Graduates Not Applicable
Enrollment in Local Colleges Not Applicable
College Graduation Rates Not Applicable
Brain Drain/Gain Not Applicable
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Average Charitable Giving Not Applicable
Voter Registration Rate Not Applicable
Voter Participation Rate Not Applicable
Age of Housing Stock Not Applicable
Violent Crime Rate Not Applicable
Incarceration Rate Not Applicable
Incarceration Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Population Density Not Applicable
Air Quality Not Applicable
Water Use Not Applicable
Waterways Impaired by Pollution Not Applicable
Change in Population Not Applicable
Change in Population by Age and Gender Not Applicable
Population by Age Not Applicable
Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People with Disabilities Not Applicable
Foreign-Born Population Not Applicable
Language Diversity Not Applicable
Change in Total Jobs Not Applicable
Change in Employment by Sector Not Applicable
Sector Share of Total Jobs Not Applicable
Workers by Occupation Not Applicable
Change in Labor Force Not Applicable
People Entering/Leaving County/Region for Work Not Applicable
Average Salary by Sector Not Applicable
Change in Average Salary Since 2010 Not Applicable
Female to Male Earnings Ratio Not Applicable
Employer Size Not Applicable
Change in Number of Businesses by Sector Not Applicable
Change in Total Agricultural Sales Not Applicable
Spending for Local Government Not Applicable
Spending for School Districts Not Applicable
Children Living in Poverty Not Applicable
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Veterans Living in Poverty Not Applicable
Working Poor Not Applicable
Median Household Income by Household Type Not Applicable
Median Household Income Not Applicable
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Households Below ALICE Threshold Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Stable Household Budget Cost Not Applicable
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Household Receiving Temporary Assistance Not Applicable
Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Not Applicable
Median Home Value Not Applicable
Occupied Housing Units Not Applicable
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Rent Not Applicable
Cost of Renting Not Applicable
Households Without Vehicles Not Applicable
Means of Transportation to Work, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Without Health Insurance Not Applicable
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Health Status Not Applicable
Rate of Depression Diagnosis Not Applicable
Adults Who are Overweight or Obese Not Applicable
Mortality Rates Not Applicable
Mortality Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Fatal Drug Overdoses Not Applicable
Cancer Incidence Not Applicable
Households With Internet Access Not Applicable
High-Tech Jobs Not Applicable
STEM Graduates Not Applicable
Science and Engineering Research and Development Not Applicable
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable


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