Financial Security
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity

Maintaining


Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23

What does this measure?

Median household income, inflated to 2023 dollars, broken down by race/ethnicity. Half of incomes are below the median and half are above.

Why is this important?

Median household income is a gauge of overall economic health of the region and the financial resources of households. Examining income for different racial and ethnic groups is important as a measure of inequity.

How does our county compare?

In 2019-23, median incomes in Lancaster County were highest among White and Asian residents, at $87,500 and $86,700, respectively, and lowest among Hispanic and African American residents, at $63,200 and $54,900, respectively. The income disparity between White/Asian and African American/Hispanic earners was similar to the pattern of overall Pennsylvania and national disparities. While Lancaster County median incomes were slightly above Pennsylvania median incomes for African Americans, Hispanics and Whites, it was below the statewide median income for Asians.

Median incomes were lower for all groups in the City of Lancaster: $39,800 for Asians, $52,400 for African Americans, $53,700 for Hispanics and $71,500 for Whites.

All racial groups in Lancaster County saw median incomes increase between 2009-13 and 2019-23.

Why do these disparities exist?

These large and persistent disparities in income are the result of historic and current policies and practices that disadvantaged people of color. Research has connected slavery and the inability of black Americans even after emancipation to fully participate in economic life to the wealth and income gaps still present today. Structural racism perpetuated by policies and practices that systematically disadvantage African American and Latino communities include inequitable education, low wages, job and wage discrimination, lack of access to capital, and globalization. Even when a recovery from the current economic crisis occurs, it is not expected to make up for the pre-existing racial disparities experienced over time unless policies are enacted to address these gaps.

Notes about the data

Figures are in constant 2023 dollars. The multi-year figures are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. The bureau combined five years of responses to the survey to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. However, because the information came from a survey, the samples responding to the survey were not always large enough to produce reliable results, especially in small geographic areas. CGR has noted on data tables the estimates with relatively large margins of error. Estimates with three asterisks have the largest margins, plus or minus 50% or more of the estimate. Two asterisks mean plus or minus 35%-50%, and one asterisk means plus or minus 20%-35%. For all estimates, the confidence level is 90%, meaning there is 90% probability the true value (if the whole population were surveyed) would be within the margin of error (or confidence interval). The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census. Data for this indicator are expected to be released in the fourth quarter.

Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity, 2019-23
AsianBlack or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoWhite
Pennsylvania$99,204$48,025$58,929$81,199
Lancaster County$86,748$54,858$63,204$87,509
Lancaster City$39,790**$52,435*$53,665$71,496
Lancaster County School Districts
School District of Lancaster$71,484***$54,368$57,925$76,246
Cocalico School District$89,271***N/A***$150,000*$91,908
Columbia Borough School DistrictN/A***$29,224***$36,825*$57,261
Conestoga Valley School District$67,946***$42,484$79,549$89,367
Donegal School DistrictN/A***$42,574***N/A***$92,359
Eastern Lancaster County School DistrictN/A***$61,961**$60,313***$86,731
Elizabethtown Area School DistrictN/A***N/A***$67,708**$79,100
Ephrata Area School District$78,485*$26,231***$57,629***$74,672
Hempfield School District$114,241*$78,403**$68,684**$96,225
Lampeter-Strasburg School District$65,954*$210,421**$82,287$105,228
Manheim Central School DistrictN/A***N/A***$71,750$82,480
Manheim Township School District$104,198**$66,662**$82,563*$95,943
Penn Manor School District$110,234***$89,597$63,821*$89,546
Pequea Valley School DistrictN/A***$74,265***$58,750***$90,086
Solanco School DistrictN/A***$52,969**$89,563**$74,025
Warwick School DistrictN/A***$103,145***$79,205*$90,351
Lancaster County Boroughs
Adamstown boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$102,375
Akron boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,714
Christiana boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,729
Columbia boroughN/A***$29,224***$36,825*$57,261
Denver townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$88,017*
East Petersburg boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$87,330
Elizabethtown boroughN/A***N/A***$28,562$68,428
Ephrata boroughN/A***N/A***$58,000***$68,213
Lititz boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$79,911
Manheim boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$82,422
Marietta boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$65,882*
Millersville boroughN/A***N/A***$57,500***$66,173
Mount Joy boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$85,497
Mountville boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$93,403*
New Holland boroughN/A***N/A***$60,903***$54,537*
Quarryville boroughN/A***$54,219**$73,350$79,152
Strasburg boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$89,298
Terre Hill boroughN/A***N/A***N/A***$59,479**
Lancaster County Townships
Bart townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$76,960
Brecknock townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$95,410
Caernarvon townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$113,507
Clay townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$82,867
Colerain townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,625
Conestoga townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$93,750*
Conoy townshipN/A***N/A***$74,628**$83,045*
Drumore townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$64,779*
Earl townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,234
East Cocalico townshipN/A***N/A***$154,167***$89,659
East Donegal townshipN/A***$57,667***N/A***$108,750
East Drumore townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$65,924
East Earl townshipN/A***$60,366***N/A***$103,769
East Hempfield township$106,875**$80,375**$70,425*$100,683
East Lampeter township$123,015***$45,948**$81,336$82,360
Eden townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$90,938*
Elizabeth townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$104,099*
Ephrata townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$77,692*
Fulton townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$77,266
Lancaster township$166,862$54,783***$88,462*$95,857
Leacock townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$83,684
Little Britain townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$75,341**
Manheim township$104,198**$66,662**$82,563*$95,943
Manor township$111,563***$87,939*$64,835**$89,966
Martic townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$90,229
Mount Joy townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$96,654
Paradise townshipN/A***N/A***$61,442***$94,342
Penn townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$81,091
Pequea townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$111,579*
Providence townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$66,452
Rapho townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$84,932
Sadsbury townshipN/A***N/A***$91,172**$84,118
Salisbury townshipN/A***N/A***$49,250***$92,807
Strasburg townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$110,909***
Upper Leacock townshipN/A***$42,048$33,750***$95,363
Warwick townshipN/A***N/A***$56,574***$99,256
West Cocalico townshipN/A***N/A***$146,923***$91,822
West Donegal townshipN/A***N/A***N/A***$80,640*
West Earl township$105,093***N/A***$118,846*$95,480
West Hempfield township$113,482*N/A***N/A***$98,318
West Lampeter township$65,954*$210,421**$82,287$106,085
Berks County$74,643**$66,081$54,832$84,831
Chester County$166,594$62,722$91,486$127,946
Cumberland County$115,058$52,066*$72,116$86,498
Dauphin County$102,019$51,077$54,717$81,291
Lebanon County$83,125$60,403*$57,739*$79,058
York County$100,357*$54,593$58,791$84,447

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Figures in 2023 dollars. Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African-American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic). So the totals for these categories cannot be added together, as people show up in both a racial and ethnic group.








INDICATORS TREND
Prekindergarten Participation Increasing
Student Performance on Grade 3 English Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math Not Applicable
High School Cohort Graduation Rate Increasing
Per-Student Spending Maintaining
Students Receiving Special Education Services Increasing
Rate of Foster Care Admissions Maintaining
Disengaged Youth Maintaining
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Plans of High School Graduates Not Applicable
Enrollment in Local Colleges Decreasing
College Graduation Rates Decreasing
Brain Drain/Gain Increasing
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Average Charitable Giving Maintaining
Voter Registration Rate Not Applicable
Voter Participation Rate Increasing
Age of Housing Stock Not Applicable
Violent Crime Rate Maintaining
Incarceration Rate Decreasing
Incarceration Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Population Density Increasing
Air Quality Decreasing
Water Use Decreasing
Waterways Impaired by Pollution Not Applicable
Change in Population Increasing
Change in Population by Age and Gender Not Applicable
Population by Age Not Applicable
Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People with Disabilities Increasing
Foreign-Born Population Increasing
Language Diversity Maintaining
Change in Total Jobs Increasing
Change in Employment by Sector Not Applicable
Sector Share of Total Jobs Not Applicable
Workers by Occupation Not Applicable
Change in Labor Force Maintaining
People Entering/Leaving County/Region for Work Not Applicable
Average Salary by Sector Not Applicable
Change in Average Salary Since 2000 Increasing
Female to Male Earnings Ratio Maintaining
Employer Size Not Applicable
Change in Number of Businesses by Sector Increasing
Change in Total Agricultural Sales Increasing
Spending for Local Government Maintaining
Spending for School Districts Maintaining
Children Living in Poverty Decreasing
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty Decreasing
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Veterans Living in Poverty Increasing
Working Poor Maintaining
Median Household Income by Household Type Not Applicable
Median Household Income Maintaining
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Living Wage Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Household Receiving Temporary Assistance Maintaining
Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Increasing
Median Home Value Maintaining
Occupied Housing Units Increasing
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Rent Maintaining
Cost of Renting Decreasing
Households Without Vehicles Maintaining
Means of Transportation to Work, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Without Health Insurance Decreasing
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Health Status Decreasing
Prevalence of Mental Illness Maintaining
Adults Who are Overweight or Obese Not Applicable
Mortality Rates Decreasing
Mortality Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Increasing
Fatal Drug Overdoses Increasing
Cancer Incidence Decreasing
Households With Internet Access Increasing
High-Tech Jobs Increasing
STEM Graduates Increasing
Science and Engineering Research and Development Maintaining
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Education Levels of Adults by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Incarceration Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Children in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Household Income, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Households Receiving SNAP by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Homeownership Rate, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Cost of Homeownership by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable


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