Crime affects quality of life for those who directly experience and witness it, sometimes resulting in long-lasting trauma. Indirectly, it also affects the lives of others in the community, as well as housing stability and a community's perceived attractiveness as a place to live, work and do business.

In 2022, there were 1.1 violent crimes reported per 1,000 residents in Lancaster County, lower than the Pennsylvania (2.8) and national (3.8) rates. The county rate has been decreased notably since 2020, and is 28% below 2005 rates. Likewise, the state's violent crime rate dropped steadily from 2005 to 2022 - a 30% decline, while the US fell 19% in the same period. By comparison, in 2022 the City of Lancaster had 4.3 violent crimes reported per 1,000 residents, a 41% decline from 2005 when the rate was 7.3.

Violent crime rates in 2022 were slightly higher in Lancaster County than in Chester and Lebanon (both 1.0), the same as Cumberland (1.1), and below York (1.8), Berks (2.0) and Dauphin (3.6). All counties had notable declines in violent crime rates since 2005.

Crime reports are never complete because not all crimes are reported, and some crimes in particular, such as rape and assault, are believed to be underreported. Data are from the FBI's Uniform Crime Report. It should be noted that this indicator represents crime penetration. Because areas vary in population, counts of criminal incidents do not accurately measure impact. By presenting crimes per 1,000 residents, it is possible to compare rural and urban areas of the state.